Suchergebnisse

From the beginning, the Sirven case has been closely linked to the Calas case. As Voltaire wrote in 1766, "Here are two accusations of parricide in France for Religion in the same year, and two families legally immolated by fanaticism". While the background of these two famous cases undoubtedly includes a religious element, it remains to be seen how, in the detail of the judicial procedure, religion could take place there. To address this issue, I would like to analyze the place of religion in three sets of documents. First, in the judges' own questions in the first brief intendit proposed to the witnesses, in the counselors seeking to solicit testimony and in the interrogations of several accused, including, in particular, Pierre-Paul Sirven. Then, in the witnesses' answers: what place did they give to religious aspects? Finally, in the texts of the Sirven's defenders, particularly those of Voltaire and the Parisian lawyers, but also in the brief of the Toulouse lawyer, Lacroix, who led the battle before the Toulouse parliament. ; Depuis le début, l'affaire Sirven est étroitement liée à celle de Calas. Comme l'écrivit Voltaire en 1766, « Voilà donc en France deux accusations de parricide pour cause de Religion dans la même année, et deux familles juridiquement immolées par le fanatisme ». Si l'arrière-plan de ces deux causes célèbres inclut incontestablement un élément religieux, il reste à voir comment, dans le détail de la procédure judiciaire, la religion a pu y prendre place. Pour aborder cette question, je voudrais analyser la place de la religion dans trois ensembles de documents. D'abord, dans les questions même des juges dans le premier brief intendit proposé aux témoins, dans les monitoires cherchant à solliciter des témoignages et dans les interrogatoires de plusieurs accusés dont, notamment, Pierre-Paul Sirven 3. Puis, dans les réponses des témoins : quelle place ont-ils accordé aux aspects religieux ? Enfin, dans les textes des défenseurs des Sirven, notamment ceux de Voltaire et des avocats ...

From the beginning, the Sirven case has been closely linked to the Calas case. As Voltaire wrote in 1766, "Here are two accusations of parricide in France for Religion in the same year, and two families legally immolated by fanaticism". While the background of these two famous cases undoubtedly includes a religious element, it remains to be seen how, in the detail of the judicial procedure, religion could take place there. To address this issue, I would like to analyze the place of religion in three sets of documents. First, in the judges' own questions in the first brief intendit proposed to the witnesses, in the counselors seeking to solicit testimony and in the interrogations of several accused, including, in particular, Pierre-Paul Sirven. Then, in the witnesses' answers: what place did they give to religious aspects? Finally, in the texts of the Sirven's defenders, particularly those of Voltaire and the Parisian lawyers, but also in the brief of the Toulouse lawyer, Lacroix, who led the battle before the Toulouse parliament. ; Depuis le début, l'affaire Sirven est étroitement liée à celle de Calas. Comme l'écrivit Voltaire en 1766, « Voilà donc en France deux accusations de parricide pour cause de Religion dans la même année, et deux familles juridiquement immolées par le fanatisme ». Si l'arrière-plan de ces deux causes célèbres inclut incontestablement un élément religieux, il reste à voir comment, dans le détail de la procédure judiciaire, la religion a pu y prendre place. Pour aborder cette question, je voudrais analyser la place de la religion dans trois ensembles de documents. D'abord, dans les questions même des juges dans le premier brief intendit proposé aux témoins, dans les monitoires cherchant à solliciter des témoignages et dans les interrogatoires de plusieurs accusés dont, notamment, Pierre-Paul Sirven 3. Puis, dans les réponses des témoins : quelle place ont-ils accordé aux aspects religieux ? Enfin, dans les textes des défenseurs des Sirven, notamment ceux de Voltaire et des avocats parisiens, mais aussi dans le mémoire de l'avocat toulousain, Lacroix, qui a mené la bataille devant le parlement de Toulouse.

By Latin-American standards, Chile has enjoyed a remarkably stable government. Yet, there have been significant intervals of political unrest marked by violence and internal disorder. At both the beginning and the end of the nineteenth century, Liberals and Conservatives clashed in bloody battles, opening wounds that festered for many years. In the early decades of the twentieth century, the military revolted three times in the space of eight years (1924-1932) in order to promote social reform. Marmaduke Grove Vallejo figured prominently in these events, first as a participant in the January uprising of 1925, later as an opponent of the dictatorship of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, and finally as a leader of the military forces that overthrew the government of Juan Esteban Montero Rodríguez and established the Socialist Republic of Chile.

ObjectiveTo examine how often early‐married couples have participated in marital interventions and how helpful and change‐producing these interventions are perceived to be in a national probability sample.BackgroundPast research provides an unclear view of frequency of participation in marital interventions yet suggests that participation is both helpful and change‐producing. However, these studies are limited by their demographics, regions, and samples. A nationally representative, population‐level study of newlywed couples would help overcome these limitations and provide generalizable answers to the field.MethodA sample of 1,562 individuals who indicated participation in a marriage intervention either before or after marriage was drawn from a nationally representative sample known as the Couple Relationships and Transition Experiences (CREATE) survey. Multilevel models were used to address the research questions.ResultsJust under 2 in 5 (38.3%) early‐married individuals participated in an intervention designed to prepare for or strengthen their marriage. Counseling was perceived to be the most helpful and change‐producing intervention, with religiosity, education, and gender moderating this association.ConclusionThis study provides a first‐of‐its‐kind national picture of participation rates and perceptions of the effectiveness of marriage interventions among early‐married couples.ImplicationsFindings may help energize marketing and outreach efforts and may encourage varied strategies to increase participation rates.